How to Create Publication Quality Figures. Introduction. So, after months years of toil in the lab, youre finally ready to share your ground breaking discovery with the world. Youve collected enough data to impress even the harshest reviewers. Download Adobe Flash Player On Blackberry Smartphones here. Youve tied it all together in a story so brilliant, its sure to be one of the most cited papers of all time. Congratulations But before you can submit your magnum opus to Your Favorite Journal, you have one more hurdle to cross. You have to build the figures. Pdf Test Page Grayscale' title='Pdf Test Page Grayscale' />TLC5940 SLVS515D DECEMBER 2004REVISED NOVEMBER 2015 www. Pin Functions PIN TYPE DESCRIPTION NAME DIP NO. PWP NO. RHB NO. Blank all outputs. And they have to be publication quality. Microsoft Plus For Windows Xp Iso Download more. Those Power. Point slides youve been showing at lab meetingsView and Download KIP 3000 user manual online. KIP 3000 MultiFunction Printer User Guide. All in One Printer pdf manual download. Not going to cut it. So, what exactly do you need to do for publication quality figures The journal probably has a long and incomprehensible set of rules. They may suggest software called Photoshop or Illustrator. You may have heard of them. You may be terrified by their price tags. But heres the good news It is entirely possible to build publication quality figures that will satisfy the requirements of most if not all journals using only software that is free and open source. This guide describes how to do it. Not only will you save money on software licenses, youll also be able to set up a workflow that is transparent, maintains the integrity of your data, and is guaranteed to wring every possible picogram of image quality out of the journals publication format. Tools. Here are the software packages that will make up the core of the figure building workflow R Charts, graphs, and statistics. A steep learning curve, but absolutely worth the effort. If youre lazy though, the graph making program that you already use is probably fine. Image. J Prepare your images. Yes, the user interface is a but rough, but this is a much more appropriate tool than Photoshop. For Image. J bundled with a large collection of useful analysis tools, try the Fiji distribution. Inkscape Arrange, crop, and annotate your images bring in graphs and charts draw diagrams and export the final figure in whatever format the journal wants. Illustrator is the non free alternative. Trying to do this with Photoshop is begging for trouble. Embed and Crop Images extension for Inkscape and The PDF Shrinker Control image compression in your final figure files. The focus on free software is facultative rather than ideological. All of these programs are available for Windows, Mac, and Linux, which is not always the case for commercial software. Furthermore, the fact that they are non commercial avoids both monetary and bureaucratic hassles, so you can build your figures with the same computer you use to store and analyze your data, rather than relying on shared workstations keep backups. Most importantly, these tools are often better than their commercial alternatives for building figures. Goals. First of all, this guide is not intended to be a commentary on figure design. Its an introduction to the technical issues involved in turning your experimental data into something that can be displayed on a computer monitor, smart phone, or dead tree while preserving as much information as possible. You will still be able to produce ugly and uninformative figures, even if they are technically perfect. So, before we dive into the details of the figure building workflow, lets take a moment to consider what we want to accomplish. Generally speaking, we have four goals accurately present the data, conform to the journals formatting requirements, preserve image quality, and maintain transparency. Data dont lie. And neither should your figures, even unintentionally. So its important that you understand every step that stands between your raw data and the final figure. One way to think of this is that your data undergoes a series of transformations to get from what you measure to what ends up in the journal. For example, you might start with a set of mouse weight measurements. These numbers get transformed into the figure as the vertical position of points on a chart, arranged in such a way that 5. Or, a raw immunofluorescence image a grid of photon counts gets transformed by the application of a lookup table into a grayscale image. Either way, exactly what each transformation entails should be clear and reproducible. Nothing in the workflow should be a magic black box. Follow the formatting rules. Following one set of formatting rules shouldnt be too hard, at least when the journal is clear about what it expects, which isnt always the case. But the trick is developing a workflow that is sufficiently flexible to handle a wide variety of formatting rules 3. Tiff or Post. Script, margins or no margins. The general approach should be to push decisions affecting the final figure format as far back in the workflow as possible so that switching does not require rebuilding the entire figure from scratch. Quality. Unfortunately, making sure your figures look just the way you like is one of the most difficult goals of the figure building process. Why Because what you give the journal is not the same thing that will end up on the website or in the PDF. Or in print, but who reads print journals these daysThe final figure files you hand over to the editor will be further processed generally through some of those magic black boxes. Though you cant control journal induced figure quality loss, you can make sure the files you give them are as high quality as possible going in. Transparency. If Reviewer 3 or some guy in a bad mood who reads your paper five years after it gets published doesnt like what he sees, you are going to have to prove that you prepared the figure appropriately. That means the figure building workflow must be transparent. Every intermediate step from the raw data to the final figure should be saved, and it must be clear how each step is linked. Another reason to avoid black boxes. This workflow should accomplish each of these goals. That being said, its not really a matter of follow the checklist and get perfect figures. Rather, its about understanding exactly what youre doing to get your data from its raw form to the electronic journal page. A computers view of the journal page. In order to understand how to get data into a presentable form, we need to consider a few details of how visual information gets represented on a computer. Raster data vs. vector data. There are two fundamentally different ways that visual information can be described digitally. The first is by dividing an image into a grid, and representing the color of each cell in the grid called a pixel with a numeric value. This is raster data, and youre probably already familiar with it. Nearly all digital pictures, from artsy landscapes captured with high end cameras to snapshots taken by cell phones, are represented as raster data. Raster data is also called bitmap data. The second way computers can represent images is with a set of instructions. Kind of like draw a thin dashed red line from point A to point B, then draw a blue circle with radius r centered at point C, but with more computer readable syntax. This is called vector data, and its usually used for images that can be decomposed into simple lines, curves, and shapes. For example, the text youre reading right now is represented as a set of curves. Resolution. Storing visual information as raster or vector data has an important impact on how that image gets displayed at different sizes. Raster data is resolution dependent. Lenna Wikipedia. Image of Lena Sderberg used in many image processing experiments. Click on the image to access the actual 5. Lenna or Lena is the name given to a standard test image widely used in the field of image processing since 1. It is a picture of Lena Sderberg, shot by photographer Dwight Hooker, cropped from the centerfold of the November 1. Playboy magazine. The spelling Lenna comes from the anglicisation used in the original Playboy article. HistoryeditBefore Lenna, the first use of a Playboy magazine image to illustrate image processing algorithms was in 1. Lawrence G. Roberts used two cropped 6 bit grayscale facsimile scanned images from Playboys July 1. Playmate. Teddi Smith born Delilah Henry, in his MIT masters thesis on image dithering. Intended for high resolution color image processing study, the Lenna pictures history was described in the May 2. IEEE Professional Communication Society, in an article by Jamie Hutchinson 3Alexander Sawchuk estimates that it was in June or July of 1. University of Southern California Signal and Image Processing Institute SIPI, along with a graduate student and the SIPI lab manager, was hurriedly searching the lab for a good image to scan for a colleagues conference paper. They got tired of their stock of usual test images, dull stuff dating back to television standards work in the early 1. They wanted something glossy to ensure good output dynamic range, and they wanted a human face. Just then, somebody happened to walk in with a recent issue of Playboy. The engineers tore away the top third of the centerfold so they could wrap it around the drum of their Muirhead wirephoto scanner, which they had outfitted with analog to digital converters one each for the red, green, and blue channels and a Hewlett Packard 2. The Muirhead had a fixed resolution of 1. This scan became one of the most used images in computer history. In a 1. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Lena was used in three separate articles,5 and the picture continued to appear in scientific journals throughout the beginning of the 2. Lenna is so widely accepted in the image processing community that Sderberg was a guest at the 5. Conference of the Society for Imaging Science and Technology IS T in 1. The use of the photo in electronic imaging has been described as clearly one of the most important events in its history. In 2. Lena Sderberg was also guest of honor at the banquet of IEEE ICIP 2. After delivering a speech, she chaired the best paper award ceremony. To explain Lennas popularity, David C. Munson, editor in chief of IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, noted that it was a good test image because of its detail, flat regions, shading, and texture. However, he also noted that its popularity was largely because an image of an attractive woman appealed to the males in a male dominated field. While Playboy often cracks down on illegal uses of its material and did initially send out notices to research publications and journals that used the image,1. Lena. Eileen Kent, VP of new media at Playboy said, We decided we should exploit this, because it is a phenomenon. CriticismeditThe use of the image has produced controversy because Playboy is seen by some as being degrading to women, 9 and the Lenna photo has been pointed to as an example of sexism in the sciences, reinforcing gender stereotypes. In a 1. 99. 9 essay on reasons for the male predominance in computer science, applied mathematician Dianne P. OLeary wrote Suggestive pictures used in lectures on image processing. For example, it is amazing that the Lena pin up image is still used as an example in courses and published as a test image in journals today. Plotter Hp 110 Plus Driver there. A 2. Fabio Lanzoni as a test image to draw attention to this issue. The use of the test image at the magnet school. Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology in Fairfax County, Virginia provoked a guest editorial by a senior in The Washington Post in 2. RemasteringeditAs of 2. Jeff Seideman, of the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, was noted as working with the archivist of Playboy to rescan the image from the original negatives. See alsoeditPlayboy centrefold photo shrunk to width of human hair. BBC News Online. 1. August 2. 01. 2. Retrieved 1. August 2. 01. 2.  Roberts, Lawrence G. Picture Coding Using Pseudo Random Noise. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2. 01. 7 0. Hutchison, Jamie 2. Culture, Communication, and an Information Age MadonnaPDF. IEEE Professional Communication Society Newsletter. The Search for Lena Discovering one Playmates role in the history of the Internet. Playboy Newsdesk. Playboy. 1. 99. 7. Archived from the original on July 4, 1. Retrieved December 2. OLeary, Dianne P. June 2. 5, 1. 99. But the instructors attitude cant make the female student fail, can it. Accessibility of Computer Science A Reflection for Faculty Members. University of Maryland, Department of Computer Science. Retrieved October 2. Rosenberg, Chuck November 3, 2. The Lenna Story Imaging Experts Meet Lenna in Person. Carnegie Mellon University. Retrieved 2. 01. 7 0. Zax, David 1. 6 August 2. A Playboy Model and Nanoscale Printing. MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 2. 4 September 2. ICIP 2. 01. 5 Banquet Awards Ceremony. International Conference on Image Processing. Retrieved 1. 1 March 2. Munson, David C., Jr. A Note on Lena. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing. Retrieved 2. 01. 7 0. Thompson, Brian J. Editorial. SPIE Journal of Optical Engineering. Retrieved 2. 01. 7 0. Brown, Janelle May 2. Playmate Meets Geeks Who Made Her a Net Star. Wired. Retrieved 2. Needell, Deanna Ward, Rachel February 2. Stable image reconstruction using total variation minimization. Xiv 1. 20. 2. 6. CV. Carron, Igor March 9, 2. I cant believe its not Lena. Nuit Blanche. Retrieved 2. Every Picture Tells A Story. Claremont Mc. Kenna College. May 2, 2. 01. 3. Retrieved 2. Matthews, Richard May 1. How Fabio and Playboy helped invent the internet The bizarre photos used in research papers revealed. The Conversation. Retrieved 2. 01. 7 0. Zug, Maddie 2. 4 April 2. A centerfold does not belong in the classroom. Washington Post. Retrieved 7 July 2. Po, Lai Man 2. 1 February 2. Lenna 9. 7 A Complete Story of Lenna. City University of Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 2. Retrieved 2. 01. 7 0. ReferenceseditExternal linksedit.